![]() ![]() as push buttons are "true/false" or "0/1". the coding for them don't work the same way. (I've attempted some standard wired button examples. just hoping for some tips on how to create a multifunction button on IR remote. but don't have anything I can really show you right now. Got a few odds and ends saved that I can patch it back together. I messed up my coding pretty bad and didn't save a backup. ![]() As well as adjusting all 3 RGB colors symmetrically using a DimFactor%. I should also note that I have my LCD display hooked up, and displaying what button is being pressed, such as "ST/REPT" on (0,0) and the color brightness reference "R 255, G 200, B 150" on (0,1). Revert Up and Down arrows back to adjusting all 3 RGB colors together. Revert back to Red RGB brightness adjustment,Įnd count of number of times ST/REPT was pressed Here's what I want.Īdjust Red RGB brightness using Up and Down arrows.Īdjust Green RGB brightness using Up and Down arrows.Īdjust Blue RGB Brightness using Up and Down arrows. const int ledPin1 3 int ledPinState HIGH // the current state of the output pin. const int buttonPin1 1 // pushbutton pin. but every method I try eventually become gibberish to the Arduino. I have tried this program but it is not working as i needed it to work. If you like this post probably you might like my next ones, so please support me by subscribing my blog.I'm trying to create a multifunction button on the IR remote. You can take this example and modify it to control an actual lamp.ĭo you have any questions? Leave a comment down below! This is a basic example that shows you how easy it is to remotely control an RGB LED with an ESP8266. Go to the top of this page to see a video demonstration of this project. Now your RGB LED changes to the blue color: Then simply click the “Change Color” button: Simply drag your mouse or finger and select the color for your RGB LED: In this Arduino tutorial, you will learn what. So you can mix up this base color to create any color you want. RGB LED has three different color LEDs in one package. ![]() This what you should see:Ĭlick the field and a small window opens with a color picker. RGB LEDs can display a variety of colors without wiring multiple color LEDs at once. Go to any browser and enter the IP address of your ESP8266. ![]() If you experience problems seeing your IP read this troubleshooting guide. In my case, the ESP IP address is 192.168.1.7. Save that IP address, because you’ll need it later. When your ESP8266 restarts, it prints in your serial monitor the ESP IP address. Important: If you’re using an RGB LED common cathode, you need to connect the longer lead to GND. Now follow these schematics to create the circuit that the RGB LED common anode. Important: If you’re using an RGB LED common cathode, you need to comment and uncomment some code in the if(_GET.r or _GET.g or _GET.b) statement as described in the script comments. What I'm trying to accomplish is to have each color only come on with a held. The setColor red-blue-green-purple-yellow all run automatically with a 1 second delay between them and then repeat. _, _, method, path = string.find(request, "(+) (.+) HTTP") įor k, v in string.gmatch(vars, "(%w+)=(%w+)&*") doīuf = buf."function update(picker) " RGB led using setColor with a held button press. ("YOUR_NETWORK_NAME","YOUR_NETWORK_PASSWORD")Ĭonn:on("receive", function(client,request) Your file should be named “ a“.ĭon’t forget to add your network name (SSID) and password to the script below. Upload the following code into your ESP8266 using the preceding software. Connect your ESP8266-12E that has built-in programmer to your computerĮverything that you need to worry about or change is highlighted in red box.You should see a window similar to the preceding Figure, follow these instructions to upload a Lua file: I recommend using the ESPlorer IDE which is a program created by 4refr0nt to send commands to your ESP8266.įollow these instructions to download and install ESPlorer IDE: In this tutorial we are going to use the NodeMCU firmware. You have to flash your ESP with NodeMCU firmare. You can use the preceding links or go directly to /tools to find all the parts for your projects at the best price! 1x RGB LED Common Anode (read How do RGB LEDs work?).1x ESP8266-12E – read Best ESP8266 Wi-Fi Development Board.Here’s the hardware that you need to complete this project: If you like the ESP and you want to do more projects you can download my eBook Home Automation using ESP8266 here. To learn more about the ESP8266 and RGB LEDs use the following tutorials as a reference: This project is called ESP8266 RGB Color Picker. In this project, you’re going to build a web server with an ESP8266 to remotely control an RGB LED. ![]()
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Redacted bigquery1/9/2024 ![]() ![]() WHEN team_name = 'Wildcats' THEN points_scored The queries in this post follow Standard SQL dialect and run in interactive mode, unless otherwise mentioned. ![]() They use the same resources as interactive queries. Batch queries don’t count towards your concurrent rate limit. If BigQuery hasn’t started the query within 24 hours, job priority is changed to interactive. Interactive (on-demand) queries are executed as soon as possible, and these queries count towards concurrent rate limit and daily limit.īatch queries are queued and started as soon as idle resources are available in the BigQuery shared resource pool, which usually occurs within a few minutes. BigQuery runs query jobs in two modes: interactive (default) and batch. When you run a SQL query in BigQuery, it automatically creates, schedules and runs a query job. Refer to Standard SQL highlights for more information. It has other advantages over legacy SQL, such as automatic predicate push down for JOIN operations and support for correlated subqueries. Standard SQL is preferred for querying data stored in BigQuery because it’s compliant with the ANSI SQL 2011 standard. ![]() Let’s get started! Standard SQLīigQuery supports two SQL dialects: standard SQL and legacy SQL. In this post, we will cover querying datasets in BigQuery using SQL, saving and sharing queries, creating views and materialized views. Previously in BigQuery Explained, we reviewed BigQuery architecture, storage management, and ingesting data into BigQuery. ![]() ![]() Ruby Red-juiced grapefruit halves were acquired from a Florida juice processing plant and used as they were received. Star Ruby or Rio Red grapefruit was cut in half and juiced by hand, using a Sunkist Juice Extractor (Model# 8-RA07 or 8-RC00, Ontario, CA, USA). Steam Explosion of Star Ruby, Rio Red, and Ruby Red Grapefruit Juice-Processing Residues (GP) and Whole Grapefruit (WG) A sample of cold-pressed and centrifuged oil from Rio Red grapefruit peel from a juice processor in Mission, Texas, was acquired and analyzed for density and composition as described below and reported for comparison. The average mass of the whole fruit, peel, and juice can be found in Supplementary Table 1. Images of the grapefruit used in these experiments can be found in Supplementary Figures 1– 3. Fruit that was split open or falling apart was culled, and the remaining fruit was rinsed with water and scrubbed gently with a scouring pad to remove dirt. Ruby Red whole grapefruit and Ruby Red grapefruit juice-processing residues were acquired from a Florida juice-processing plant for these experiments. Thiabendazole and/or orthophenylphenate were used as fungicides. ![]() The grapefruit was coated with a food-grade vegetable and or lac-resin-based wax or resin. Rio Red grapefruit from a packing house in Mission, Texas, was also acquired for these experiments. The grapefruit was treated with either thiabendazole, imazalil, fludioxonil, or azoxystrobin and coated with food-grade beeswax or vegetable-based wax. Star Ruby grapefruit from a packing house in Tulare County, California, was acquired for these experiments. This allowed for simulation of steam explosion of packing house fruit that does not meet the stringent standards for fresh market sale and could ultimately be processed for value-added compound extraction. Packing house fruit was prepared for fresh market sale by treatment with fungicides and wax to improve shelf life and appearance and was used as received. Star Ruby, Rio Red, and Ruby Red Grapefruit In this study, we describe the use of a continuous pilot scale steam explosion system as a proof-of-concept study for processing of Star Ruby, Rio Red, and Ruby Red grapefruit from California, Texas, and Florida for the extraction of pectic hydrocolloids, sugars, volatiles, phenolics, and flavonoids. is of the red varieties, the application of steam explosion for the extraction of value-added compounds from whole fruit and juice-processing remnants of red grapefruit was deemed appropriate. Considering that the majority of grapefruit cultivated in the U.S. Therefore, it would be expected that the pectic hydrocolloids, sugars, volatiles, phenolics, and flavonoids that can be extracted using steam explosion of grapefruit will differ from sweet orange fruit. Sweet orange fruit and grapefruit not only differ in color and size but also in the quality and quantity of specific components associated with their composition. This previous study has focused only on the sweet orange varieties used for orange juice processing in Florida. ![]() Pectic hydrocolloids, sugars, volatiles, phenolics, and flavonoids have been extracted from orange juice-processing residues previously, using a continuous pilot scale steam explosion system ( 10– 12). To accomplish this, steam explosion was explored as a means of extracting maximum amounts of these high-value compounds. If these compounds could be extracted from the residues, these high-value chemicals could bring new revenue streams to grapefruit processing plants and improve profit margins. However, grapefruit process residues contain valuable pectic hydrocolloids, sugars, volatiles, phenolics, and flavonoids that are lost when the residues are converted to animal feed. The result is little to no-profit margin when energy costs are high. Currently, citrus juice processors convert these residues to low-value animal feed ( 8) through the most energy-intensive operation of the juice-processing plant ( 9). When grapefruit is processed into juice, 51% of the fruit is left behind in the form of rind (peel), rag, seeds, and membranes ( 7). Grapefruit is typically processed into juice but can also be converted into segments and salads ( 1, 4– 6). Red grapefruit varieties dominate, and up to 61% of the cultivated grapefruit was processed ( 1– 3). Florida, Texas, and California are the major producers of grapefruit ( Citrus paradisi Macfad.) in the United States, where approximately 256,000 metric tons were collectively cultivated during the 2018–19 season ( 1). ![]() Kode joplin mo weather1/8/2024 ![]() Michelle Kingsfield, Main Anchor, WDTN, Dayton, Oh.Steve Edgerley, Teacher, recently divorced from Michelle Kingsfield.Erik Schrader, News Director, WNEP, Scranton, Pennsylvania.Scott Higgins, Marketing, Oral Roberts University.Chris Higgins, KODE Chief Meteorologist from 1992-94-St.Tara Brown, Weekend Anchor, WEAR-TV, Pensacola, FL.Tracy Turner, Meteorologist, WHSV, Harrisonburg, Va.Vicki Kennedy, Development Director, College Hts.Bruce VonderHaar, JET-14, TV Production Teacher.Brett Newtson, Retired, Tampa Bay, FL area.Ashlin Fleeman, Veterans of Forgein Wars, PR, Kansas City, MO.Both stations moved to a rebuilt KSNF building in April 2010 making it the last Nexstar duopoly to do so. ![]() KODE-TV returned to the air early on the morning of May 9, while KSNF did not return to the air until June 17. On May 8, 2009, a powerful storm system slammed Joplin, knocking out power to KODE and knocking down the tower of sister station KSNF. In 2003, the station was acquired by Mission Broadcasting following its takeover of Quorum Broadcasting. In 1967, KUHI-TV (now NBC-affiliated KSNF) started and took over the CBS affiliation, and KODE became a sole ABC affiliate. The station was originally a primary CBS affiliate, sharing ABC with then-NBC affiliate KOAM-TV, which is now a CBS affiliate. KODE began broadcasting September 26, 1954, originally as KSWM-TV (for South Western Missouri). KODE is owned by Mission Broadcasting, however through a local sales agreement, the station is controlled by NBC affiliate KSNF 16, owned and operated by Nexstar Broadcasting Group. This station is licensed to broadcast in high definition on UHF channel 43 at 1.46 kilowatts under a Special Temporary Authority, but has filed a construction permit to increase power to 1,000 kilowatts. KODE’s syndicated programming includes Oprah, Jeopardy!, and Spin City. ![]() Subsequently, KODE entered into a Shared Services Agreement with Nexstar Broadcasting station KSNF, also serving the Joplin/Pittsburg market. KODE was acquired by Mission Broadcasting in 2002. ![]() Other material must be reorganized into appropriate categories of articles. Chronology data should be put on the appropriate chronology page ![]() Turn on subtitles apple tv samsung1/8/2024 ![]() Press the Sleep/Wake button on the right edge of the iOS device. Restarting the device will also fix the no sound issue on AirPlay. With restarting, we give a device its required time to eliminate any internal bugs and glitches that cause AirPlay subtitles not to show. Restarting is one of the easiest and quickest ways to overcome any technical issue. ![]() If updating devices does not fix the subtitles not showing issues, restarting them is the last possible solution. If you have the subtitle issue specifically on your Samsung TV, you can turn off the AirPlay feature on the Samsung TV and turn it on again after a while to fix the issue. If you are getting the same issue, try the next fix. After successfully updating the TV, check if the AirPlay subtitles are showing on your Samsung TV or not. Press the Home button from your TV remote. If the subtitles are not showing on your Samsung or any other Smart TV during AirPlay, you need to update your TV firmware. Updating Other AirPlay-2 Enabled Smart TVs Once Apple TV is updated, check if subtitles are showing. Therefore, keep your devices updated to their latest software versions to fix AirPlay Subtitles not showing issues. The old and outdated firmware version may create problems like subtitles not showing up when you AirPlay videos. Part 4: How to turn on/off Apple TV subtitles Step 1 In the Subtitles & Captioning option, tap on Style (below Closed Captions + SDH option). It is the simplest and easiest way to eliminate almost any issue. Therefore, using in-built subtitles could easily fix AirPlay subtitles not showing issues.Įnsure that devices are up-to-date.Because AirPlay is not compatible with sideloaded subtitle formats.So, if the app you are trying to AirPlay does not contain subtitles by default, you cannot use any third-party apps to sideload your preferred subtitle language.i.e., you can’t AirPlay subtitles in CEA-608 and WebVTT formats. It is important to note that AirPlay only supports in-built subtitles offered by the native app. You can also customize the look of the subtitles by going to Settings > Accessibility > Subtitles and Captioning > Style on the Apple TV.If you still can’t see the subtitles on the TV screen, try the next fix. Note: “SDH” stands for “Subtitles for the deaf and hard of hearing.” Provided the content itself offers subtitles, they will always play if you have subtitles enabled system-wide. Of course, there are many people who will want to turn on subtitles for all the content they watch on Apple TV. Turn On Subtitles System-wide On Apple TV Pick up the Siri Remote and press the Siri button, then say, “What did they just say?” The video you are watching will automatically jump back in time 10 seconds and replay the scene with subtitles temporarily enabled so you can read what the character said. ![]() This is useful if you can’t understand the character’s accent or dialogue. One cool thing about the Siri Remote included with the Apple TV is you can use it to ask Siri what a character just said.
![]() ![]() ![]() Find wifi signal and display a list of connected and. Display dBm chart of mobile signals strength on wifi, 5G, 4G, LTE, 3G, HSPA+ in real time when your phone is currently connected. Device Specs: provide other information about SIM card. It help you to choose your spot or help you to decide add more wifi repeater to improve internet speed. You will know where in your house or office have best wifi signal strength. Network Monitor & WiFi Monitor is useful in finding good areas of WiFi. Wifi Meter will help you With unique technology our app will provide many useful information of your Wifi. WiFi signal strength meter: Measure the signal strength on Wifi and display in dBm units. The Wi-Fi signal meter offers a color-coded, graphical, and textual representation of network channels and signal strengths. The WiFi Signal Meter app is a simple tool that allows you to view your current WiFi signal strength. For best performance and coverage in the 2.4 GHz band, you should use non. WiFi analyzer and show wifi information. When it comes to WiFi analysis, there are comprehensive solutions for Windows and Mac computers, such as NetSpot, which can build a comprehensive heatmap of your network and tell you everything you need to know about WiFi activity in your area. Signal Strength: Wi-Fi analyzer app turns out to be a great tool for detecting low and high signal areas. Find a more suitable Wi-Fi channel: Unless you have a router capable of finding the most suitable Wi-Fi channel on its own, you need to use a Wi-Fi signal strength app to analyze the wireless activity around you and determine which Wi-Fi channels are the least busy. But how can you tell which channel that is? The answer is simple: you download and use a WiFi analysis tool. The solution is to use a WiFi channel with the least amount of traffic. OpenSignal is a signal toolkit that shows you how to get a better network connection, find nearby free Wi-Fi hotspots worldwide, view signal maps, test the speed of your mobile or WiFi connection, and more. ![]() When too many WiFi hotspots broadcast on the same channel, traffic congestions may occur, and data packets may get lost, leading to connection drops and poor speeds. While the app gives you an interpretive view into the invisible world of radio signals, Studio Richard Vijgen says that the app shouldnt be used as a measurement tool for signal strength. The WiFi radio spectrum is divided into several channels. But the proliferation of WiFi hotspots also has some negatives. In many ways, it’s great news that wireless Internet access is becoming more accessible. If you live in a larger city, it’s already almost impossible to escape the WiFi signal, and, according to the Wireless Broadband Alliance, total public WiFi hotspots will grow sevenfold from 2015 to 2023, from 64.2 million in 2015 to 432.5 million by 2023. Why Do You Need to Use a WiFi Analyzer App? ![]() John deere 700 dozer1/7/2024 ![]() ![]() Net power is tested per ISO 9249:2007 and SAE J1349:2011 and as advertised is the power available at the flywheel when the engine is equipped with fan, air intake system, exhaust system and alternator.Īll non-road U.S. ![]() Net power is tested per ISO 9249:2007 and SAE J1349:2011 and as advertised is the power available at the flywheel when the engine is equipped with fan, air intake system, exhaust system and alternator. *Engines with no aftertreatment devices can use higher blends, up to 100% biodiesel. Once a problem is identified, a technician can fix it the first time, saving time and money. Remote Troubleshoot decreases maintenance time and keeps your machine running with maximum efficiency by allowing your Cat dealer to virtually test the machine while working.Alerts for machine updates are sent virtually from your Cat dealer and updates can be deployed without a dealer technician needing to be onsite. Remote Flash minimizes downtime and maintenance time while keeping your asset running with maximum efficiency.VisionLink® displays the CO2 emissions for monitored assets, calculated by fuel type for the Runtime Fuel Burned each day in a selected date range.Extended maintenance intervals not only reduce downtime but decrease the amount of fluid and filters that are replaced over the life of the machine.Cat® Grade with 3D automates blade movements using a GPS signal helping you follow a grade design, reducing fuel burn and greenhouse gas emissions by improving efficiency and accuracy.Cat® Grade with Slope Assist™ helps you avoid costly rework and wasteful fuel burn and greenhouse gas emissions by automating your blade position without a GPS signal.Auto Engine Speed Control helps reduce unnecessary fuel burn and greenhouse gas emissions by allowing the engine to automatically go into idle mode when the machine is not working.Please consult your Cat dealer or “Caterpillar Machine Fluids Recommendations” (SEBU6250) for details. Refer to guidelines for successful application. Cat diesel engines are required to use ULSD (ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel with 15 ppm of sulfur or less) or ULSD blended with the following lower-carbon intensity fuels up to: 20% biodiesel FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) * or 100% renewable diesel, HVO (hydrogenated vegetable oil) and GTL (gas-to-liquid) fuels.EPA Tier 4 Final, EU Stage V, Japan 2014, and Korea Tier 5 emission standards. Integrated with dozer systems, Cat Command enables smooth, precise control with access to all machine functions and advanced features (if equipped) for maximum efficiency and productivity. Eliminates risk of injury from climbing on or off the machine. Scalable 2D and 3D Cat Grade is an optional feature that makes your job up to 39% faster with up to 82% fewer operator inputs and less rework by maintaining blade angles for better surface quality – even with less experienced operators.Ĭat Command remote control is an optional feature that takes you off the machine and away from hazardous conditions, dust, noise or vibration or operating on unstable surfaces. Not available indoors or in areas where a GPS signal is not available. Feature is designed to work in unison with other Operator Assist Features. And Low Slip Mode limits track slip for applications sensitive to slip such as spreading material on top of a liner, select this mode when needed.ĪutoCarry™ raises and lowers the blade to maximize pushing capability and prevent excessive track slip when pushing heavy loads. Feature offers two modes: Normal Mode helps when pushing heavy blade loads by limiting non-productive track slip, recommended for most applications. Low Slip Traction Control prevents excessive track slip to improve machine efficiency and reduce burden on the operator. This feature is not available indoors or in areas where a GPS signal is not available. Automatically compensates for ground conditions. ![]() target load to fully utilize machine capacity benefiting operators of all skills levels. Stable Blade Lift and Tilt automatically works behind the scenes to allow operators to create smooth surfaces with less effort using accelerometers on the blade and chassis with an advanced algorithm to make minor blade raise and lower movements.īlade Load Monitor provides real-time feedback of current load vs. Cat small dozers include a suite of Operator Assist, Grade, and Cat Command Features that work seamlessly to save time, effort, fuel, machine wear and overall cost. ![]() Spirit shroud dnd 5e1/7/2024 ![]() ![]() ![]() I make one melee attack with the shadow blade for 3d8+4 damage, use the class feature to use booming blade with my scimitar for 1d6+1d8+4 damage, and then bonus action attack again with my shadow blade for another 3d8 damage, for a total of 43 average DPR. When I play my bladesinger, I've got shadow blade in one hand and a scimitar in the other. Proponents of Spirit Sproud posit that adding 1d8 to 3 weapon attacks, assuming you're dual-wielding, is better than 3d8 to 2 weapon attacks (assuming that SB is upcast to a 3rd level spell slot, because SS is a 3rd level spell). Most of the discussion on SS vs SB involves bladesinger wizards (as they're the only class that can get use out of both spells). Spirit Shroud is a 3rd level spell that adds 1d8 to every melee attack you make. Please instead reply in the ongoing threads rather than making new ones.įeel free to add to the community resource folder and the resource list. Limit Direct Response Posts - New posts that could reasonably serve as a reply to a different post that is in the top 40 of “Hot” may be removed by the moderators at their discretion. No low-effort/OC/image posts - Official sources, homebrew images, and new information/product photos are the exception. No D&D Beyond content sharing posts - DDB Content sharing is restricted to the weekly thread which you can find here For info on how to filter by flair on various apps and sites click here. For more information on which flair to use check here. Limit Homebrew - You may only post one new homebrew thread per day.Īll posts must be flaired - Submissions should be flaired with an appropriate flair. Limit self-promotional links - Any self-promotional external links (such as blogs, storefronts or Kickstarters) must be related to D&D and posted no more than once every 14 days. Text memes should be relevant to discussion. Use clear, concise title names - Titles must be clear, concise, and not worded in a misleading fashion.ĭo not post memes or joke posts - Meme images should be posted on /r/dndmemes. Do not suggest ways for such material to be obtained. Please respect the opinions of people who play differently than you do.ĭo not suggest piracy - Any non-fair use posts containing closed content from WotC or any third party will be removed. Please join us on our discord, and our new Lemmy server:īe civil to one another - Unacceptable behavior includes name calling, taunting, baiting, flaming, etc. A place to discuss the latest version of Dungeons & Dragons, the fifth edition, known during the playtest as D&D Next. ![]() Life framer award1/7/2024 ![]() ![]() By releasing the pocket of sunlight deep in the earth, we are squandering the perfect balance of life on earth, our own pocket of sunlight. I also like to think of a pocket of sunlight as the time and space in which the sun is at the right temperature to allow for life on earth. The use of this limited resource is resulting in the carbon dioxide, that the plants captured, to be re-released into the atmosphere contributing heavily to the warming of the planet. We humans are and have been burning this matter in order to take advantage of the energy it produces, energy originally from the sun. The remains of the plants from this era decomposed and compressed over millions of years and now are buried underground in the form of oil and coal. Early in the earth’s history when plants dominated the surface using photosynthesis, a truly amazing process that actually splits atoms and transforms the sun’s photons in combination with carbon dioxide and water into energy to live and grow, they adsorbed massive amounts of carbon dioxide and in turn oxygenated the atmosphere allowing for life as we know it. Fossil fuels such as coal and crude oil are examples of this stored energy that originated from our sun. The energy of the sun, captured over millions of years by millions of plants more than 100 million years ago. ![]() “A pocket of sunlight refers to the energy from the sun’s rays stored in matter derived from plants within the earth’s surface. This collection of candid color medium format film photography explores the perceived innocence of “simpler times” and aims to give the viewer a sense of increased empathy and connection into the Rockabillies’s world.”- Alice Christine Walker As I walked through the crowds, a spectator, wearing my own mid century vintage clothing and holding my 1950’s Rollieflex, I found myself overwhelmed with the shared sense of deja vu for a time and place I never lived. Every year in April, thousands of Rockabillies from all over the world flock to Las Vegas for their event Viva Las Vegas. They have distilled the essence of the 1950’s Americana down to its best parts: pin up fashion, hot rod cars, rock & roll music, casinos and easy living. My series “Nostalgia” documents a group, The Rockabillies, who have found their tribe. We all look outward into the world to make sense of our own inner one. I would argue that finding ‘our people’ is one of the reasons that we travel. This is why renaissance fairs, sports teams and sci-fi conventions exist. Many of us inexplicably connect to different times in history or geographic locations. Finding one’s ‘tribe’ can feel like discovering the missing piece. While we are connected to family by blood, many of us still go through life seeking out our chosen families. “Defining Identity is a uniquely human struggle. ![]() Reynolds phenomena symptoms1/7/2024 ![]() ![]() Characteristic abnormalities include dilated capillaries, areas of avascularity, distortion of the normal nailfold architecture and haemorrhage 15 – 17 ( Figure 2). Abnormal nailfold capillaries are an early manifestation of SSc 10, 11 providing the rationale for capillaroscopy as a key investigation in patients presenting with RP. 13, 14 Specialist centres may have access to thermography and this too can help differentiate between PRP and SSc-related RP.Īt the nailfold, capillaries lie parallel (rather than perpendicular to) the skin surface and can be visualized noninvasively using the technique of nailfold capillaroscopy. A SSc-specific autoantibody and abnormal nailfold capillaries are independent predictors for the development of SSc in a patient with RP. If connective tissue disease is suspected, then more extensive immunology testing will be required, for example for SSc-specific autoantibodies (anticentromere, anti-topoisomerase, anti-RNA polymerase III). 12 Additional investigations depend on the index of suspicion as to what (if any) underlying disease might be present. Most rheumatologists would additionally request a biochemical profile with thyroid function, immunoglobulins with protein electrophoresis, and a chest or thoracic outlet radiograph (looking for a cervical rib). The minimal set of investigations for a patient with RP (dictated by the criteria for PRP) 8, 9 comprises a blood count and ESR, ANA and nailfold capillaroscopy. Digital pitting in a patient with systemic sclerosis. ![]() AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |